Mitochondrial DNA diversity, population structure, and conservation genetics of four native carps within the Yangtze River, China

نویسندگان

  • Guoqing Lu
  • Sifa Li
  • Louis Bernatchez
چکیده

Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon piceus), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) rank first, second, fourth, and seventh in world fish production. In China, the Yangtze River harbours the most important natural populations of these species. We performed a polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length poymorphism analysis on 365 juvenile fish representing three nursery grounds to provide a first assessment of the mitochondrial DNA diversity in these species and test the hypothesis that they are composed of more than one genetic stock. The mitochondrial DNA diversity was high in silver, bighead, and black carp, and much less in grass carp. Analysis of heterogeneity of genotype frequency, fixation indices, intersite molecular variance, and localization indices indicated that juvenile silver, bighead, and black carp from different nursery areas belong to genetically distinct populations. These results suggest that their population structure may be determined by the number of environmental settings that permit closure of their life cycle. They also imply that carp from the Yangtze River cannot be managed as a single unit and that human disturbance through exploitation and habitat modifications, in particular the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, will have differential impacts on fish abundance for different parts of the river. Résumé : Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon piceus, Aristichthys nobilis, et Mylopharyngodon piceus sont des poissons se rangeant premier, second, quatriŁme et septiŁme au niveau de la production mondiale. En Chine, les populations les plus abondantes de ces espŁces se retrouvent dans le fleuve Yangtze. Nous avons rØalisØ une premiŁre Øtude de la diversitØ de l’ADN mitochondrial afin de vØrifier l’hypothŁse voulant que ces espŁces soient composØes de plus d’un stock gØnØtique. Une analyse PCR-RFLP d’un segment de l’ADN mitochondrial a ØtØ rØalisØe sur 365 spØcimens provenant de trois aires d’alimentation juvØnile. Une diversitØ ØlevØe a ØtØ dØtectØe chez toutes les espŁces, sauf C. piceus. L’analyse de l’hØtØrogØnØitØ des frØquences gØnotypiques, les estimØs de l’indice de fixation, de la variance molØculaire entre sites et de l’indice de localisation ont rØvØlØ que les juvØniles provenant de diffØrents aires d’alimentation appartiennent à des populations gØnØtiquement diffØrenciØes. Ces rØsultats suggŁrent que la structure populationnelle de ces espŁces est en partie dØterminØe par le nombre d’entitØs environnementales à l’intØrieur desquelles leur cycle vital peut Œtre complØtØ dans le fleuve Yangtze. Ces rØsultats impliquent que chaque espŁce de carpe de ce fleuve ne peuvent Œtre gØrØe comme un seul stock et que les perturbations anthropogØniques, notamment par l’exploitation et les modifications d’habitat telles que celles imposØes par la construction du barrage des Trois Gorges, auront un effet diffØrentiel sur leur abondance dans diffØrentes sections du fleuve.

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تاریخ انتشار 1997